Seamus Heaney Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Seamus Heaney - Assignment Example Be that as it may, in spite of the fact that these topics relevantly have all the earmarks of being poet’s major topical concerns yet these subjects are additionally an impression of all inclusive human conduct and interests. Both the sonnets Follower and Digging take the perusers on an excursion down the world of fond memories where the writer is seen to review two episodes of happiness and pride from his pasts with respect to his dad and granddad. The Follower delineates a story of a small kid who romanticizes his dad and his calling for example cultivating and ponders the child’s sentiments about his future whenever he will likewise get an opportunity to stroll in his father’s strides and will have the option to take a shot at his cherished grounds. The sonnet additionally manages an intriguing marvel of life for example life comes in round trip and advancement under the setting that when a kid is youthful he romanticizes his dad as he sees him at a high platf orm where he can never anticipate that himself should arrive at that point. However as he grows up eventually he surpasses his father’s magnificence and succeeds his dad and afterward his dad is the person who admires his son’s success.  However, he likewise indicates upon the changing occasions where he believes that his pen is his weapon to prevail throughout everyday life in spite of the fact that he isn't embarrassed about his underlying foundations, indeed, he despite everything thinks that its awesome to deal with the grounds alongside utilizing the pen as an apparatus for a superior future. Self-character of an individual is the sole constituent that makes up a character of a person since it is a proof against an individual’s independence and a free presence as it shapes the establishment of a man’s inner self and confidence. In this manner, it is a characteristic human sense to battle in life so as to hold his freedom and never let another ind ividual inquiry his personality hence every individual feels pride over his underlying foundations as his legacy additionally gives him fearlessness. Henceforth Heaney is additionally seen to be widely fusing the subject of personality in both the sonnets Followers and Digging which thinks about the Poet’s feeling with respect to his life history. As Kenneally (1995) likewise states, â€Å"the mysterious authority of verse has its simple in the supernatural authority of a specific origination of Ireland, and it is no mishap that one of the terms which conversation of Heaney’s verse and conversation of Irish social Politics share for all intents and purpose is ‘Identity’† (p.180). Kenneally likewise repeats that Heaney’s sonnets are, â€Å"carefully organized to give the thought of personality pride of spot in Heaney’s basic orientation† (p.180). The perusers while perusing the sonnet since the significance that the writer places in the calling of his predecessors as he accepts that cultivating is his genuine character in spite of the fact that he may look for different intends to prevail throughout everyday life. As the artist additionally states in Digging,

Personality and Motivation Leaflet free essay sample

Why Some Students Have Problems in Writing a Research Paper

Why Some Students Have Problems in Writing a Research PaperMany people try to start a research paper by writing a rough draft. While this is helpful in catching any problems that may crop up along the way, it is not always the best approach. Many students believe that research papers are supposed to be an exact replication of someone else's research, so why do they have to be any different? Here are some guidelines on how to write a research paper that stands out from the crowd.Before you even start typing, write a general idea of what kind of paper you want to write. This can be done by asking yourself what you are trying to accomplish. You can also take a look at the topics you have researched or what books you have read and created. The ideas that you are looking for will come to you naturally once you put them down on paper.Once you have a basic outline of the paper, use the same style throughout. Avoid using different fonts or colors, as you are working with one concept. Instead , try using the same style and bolding the most important parts. This will help you organize the paper, especially if you are only going to be typing one time. The process of researching your topic and then outlining the main points will become more manageable.Most often, students go through a lot of trouble writing their paper because they are afraid that they might make mistakes. It's okay to start from scratch, but it's important to remember that this is your own project. Research papers can be a very detailed process that only makes sense to you and should not be followed without your individual input. Once you feel comfortable with your outline, work on outlining the different sections and giving each section its own heading.While a rough draft can be helpful, it's not always the best option. There is a difference between a rough draft and a draft that can easily be finished in a day. Instead of wasting your time on a second-rate draft, choose a topic that interests you and the n go out and do your research. This will ensure that your research is real and not just a wild theory that you want to write.Your research paper should provide valuable insight into your chosen topic, but if you find that your findings aren't relevant to the rest of the information provided, then it may be time to slow down your entire research process. Use any formatting software that you already have and rewrite the information for the sake of making it relevant. Before you send the paper off to the publisher, make sure that you have proofread it and rewrote any information that needs to be changed. If you don't, you could potentially ruin your career.If you don't feel comfortable with your research paper, it's not always your fault. If your main concern is how much money you're going to make, you might actually be sacrificing quality if you have too many charts and graphs to fit on a page. If you are planning on submitting it to the popular journals, you should be able to get awa y with a slightly shorter paper. Otherwise, you might want to consider a shorter draft to work on.There are a few reasons why some students have problems in writing a research paper. All students have different strengths and weaknesses, so it is possible that you will have problems from the very beginning, but that is the point of learning the basics. With practice, your writing skills will improve and you will be able to learn how to write a paper that your peers love to read.

Prejudice Against Native Americans Essay - 914 Words

Prejudice Against Native Americans These people began migrating thirty thousand years before Christopher Colombus quot;discoveredquot; the Americas. Native Americans migrated from Asia, crossing a land bridge where the Bering Strait off the coast of Alaska is today. Over the centuries these people spread throughout the continents of North and South America. Since the arrival of the Europeans in 1492 the American Indian has been dehumanized, decivilized and redefined into terms that represent a dominate European view. The Spanish explorers under Colombus were the first to use the terms quot;Indianquot; to mean a Native American. These explorers were under the false impression that the had reached the West Indies. This†¦show more content†¦The Europenas knew nothing of the new civilizations they encountered. Most Native American tribes viewed the lands they occupied to be no one mans property. They believied that they were alowed to occupy it by the grace of the quot;Great Spiritquot;, in return the tribes took care of the land the used. Usually Native Americans harbored a great respect for the land they were allowed to use . When the European leaders attempted to purchase this land from the tribes the Native American leaders often thought they did not have the authority to sell the land. In their view the land wasnt theirs to sell. Often times, payment offered was refused because of this view The Europeans, on the other hand, did not understand or care to understandthe Native American way of life, culture or philosophy. Instead, they saw the land as a great buisness oppurtunity to be bought and sold. Sometimes payment was accepted because the American Indians did not fully understand the consequence or implications of the sale. It was difficult for the Indians to comprehend the ownership of land because in their view the land would always be avaliable for everyone to use. Europeans feared these new people with a seemingly savage way of life. The dances and othe cultural traditions that Native Americans practiced were extremely abstract and foreign to the European settlers. These displays ofShow MoreRelatedEthnic Groups and Discrimination- Native Americans791 Words   |  4 PagesEthnic Groups and Discrimination Native Americans The ethnic group that I choose was Native Americans. I am of Caucasian descendant with Native American from my dad’s side. I really want to learn more about my heritage and family background. The Native Americans didn’t participate in discrimination; they were affected by people discriminating against them. The immigration of Indian American has taken place in several waves since the first Indian American came to the United States in the 1700’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Old News By Deborah Miranda Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesgain. That is what happened to Native Americans over the course of American history. Due to the settler colonialism that laid the foundation of our nation, many Native Americans became the victims of horrific abuse and discrimination. As â€Å"whiteness† became the ideal in society, Native Americans lost their voices and the ability to stand up for themselves. Through her memoir, Bad Indians, Deborah Miranda reveals the truth of the horrific pasts of California Native Americans, and gives her ancestors’ storiesRead MoreThe Never Ending Cycle of Prejudice In U.S.A Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscrimination and prejudice throughout its history. On July 2nd, 1964 the United States took a step in the right direction, when it recognized the principle that all men are created equal with the passage of the Civil Rights Act. The Act outlawed all discrimination formed on the basis of race, religious affiliation, gender or ethnic origin. In addition, it ended racial segregation in educational institutions and in the workplace. However, it can be argued that discrimination and prejudice remain todayRead MoreEssay on Multicultural Matrix and Analysis Worksheet1483 Words   |  6 Pageslifestyle, or society? | 1. White Americans | Whites here in the United States are classified as individuals that have origins with the Middle East, Europeans, and North Africa (U.S. Census Bureau, 2001). | A large part of the United States population of 230 million (approximately 78.1%) is occupied by White Americans. | White Americans tend to sometimes be outspoken. They also value their independence and have strong religious beliefs. White Americans are very cordial with their greetings butRead MoreWhy Do People Fear And Reject Others Who Are Different?994 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent. The unique aspects of other cultures and traditions should spark curiosity and respect, not fear. All throughout history leaders have rebelled against groups of people who live and look differently. One such instance of this radical oppression is seen in J.N. Choate s before and after pictures of Native American children forced to attend an American boarding school. Upon their arrival to Carlisle Industrial School th e children in the picture are unique, confident, and relaxed. Their attire isRead MoreThe Impacts Of A Cherokee Story : Trail Of Tears920 Words   |  4 Pagesrelocation of give main Native American tribes from their eastern lands, to newly established territories located west of the Mississippi River (Dwyer, 2014, p. 33). After researching the Trail of Tears’ impact to the five major Native American tribes, it is easy to see themes such as assimilation, racism, poverty, ethnocentrism, bias, cultural relativity and prejudice within this event. Early in America’s history, interactions between white settlers and Native Americans shaped the future of ourRead MoreThe History of Human Rights in Canada throughout the 20th Century1555 Words   |  7 Pagesrole model for Human Rights shows to be false. An extreme example of this disregard for Human Rights takes place at the beginning of the twentieth-century, which is the excessive prejudice and preconceived notions that were held as truths against immigrants attempting to enter Canada. Another prime example of these prejudices and improper Human Rights is the Internment of those of Japanese descent or origin during the Second World War. Also the White Paper that was published by the government continuesRead MoreRichard Wright s Native Son1476 Words   |  6 Pageslife is difficult as the questions often do not have clear answers and are riddled with moral ambiguities. Native Son, by Richard Wright, forces its readers to face these problems by pointing out the bare fa cts of the nature of man and the state of society. When doing so, Wright forces the reader to question if the effect of these states of life and the way humans should approach them. Native Son forces the reader to contemplate the nature of society and what is right and wrong. Oftentimes, WrightRead MoreThe Grass Is Singing By Doris Lessing1306 Words   |  6 PagesDoris Lessing, author of The Grass is Singing, published in 1950 targets the death of Mary, a female farmer and a lovely wife. During the 1940s in South Africa, the novel associates with prejudice and racism and shows the conflict in the African society during that period of time. The Grass is Singing begins with two people finding Mary Turner’s dead body, who is found dead on the porch of her house. The people of the town, instead of telling people about Mary’s dead body they stay quiet and keepRead MoreNative Americans And Explorers Essay761 Words   |  4 PagesThe Native Americans and the Explorers did not have the best relationship. They would fight with each other constantly. While there were some tribes that treated the Explorers with respect, most of the time the Explorers treated the Native Americans poorly. This is how America is set up today. America was built on hate and discrimination. If the the Explorers and the Native Americans had treated each other fairly and with respect maybe America wouldn’t be as hateful as it is today. The treatment

Spanish Words for Whoever, Wherever, and Whenever

Spanish has several words ending in -quiera that are the rough equivalent of English words ending in -ever, although they are often used in slightly different ways. Common Words Ending in -quiera dondequiera, sometimes shortened to doquiera (wherever)adondequiera (to wherever)comoquiera, often spelled as como quiera (in whatever way, however)cualquiera, sometimes used in the plural form cualesquiera (whichever, whatever, any)quienquiera, sometimes used in the plural form quienesquiera (whoever, whomever, anyone)cuandoquiera (whenever) The -quiera suffix is obviously derived from the verb querer. The -quiera words can be used as various parts of speech, depending on the context. When used as an adjective before a singular, masculine noun, through the process of apocopation, the ending becomes -quier, as in cualquier hombre, whichever man. Example Sentences Dondequiera que voy, reviso mi correo electrà ³nico. (Wherever I go, I check my e-mail.) Dondequiera que yo vaya, mi amigo va conmigo. (Wherever I go, my friend goes with me. As in this and the preceding example, dondequiera is frequently followed by the relative pronoun que. Although it is common to use the subjunctive mood with this sentence construction, it is not always mandatory.) Y salà ­a David adondequiera que Saà ºl le enviaba. (And David went away to wherever Saul sent him. Adondequiera is used when suggesting a destination. Adondequiera has the same relationship to dondequiera that adà ³nde has to dà ³nde.) Comoquiera que sea, gracias por tu amable comentario. (Whatever comes of it, thanks for your friendly comment.) Comoquiera que no estaba yo muy convencido, me fui. (Since I wasnt especially convinced, I left. When comoquiera que is followed by a verb in the indicative mood, it often means because or since.) Este programa puede convertir videos de cualquier formato a cualquier formato. (This program can convert videos from any format to any other format. Note that whatever could be informally substituted for any in the translation.) Existen cientos de carreras profesionales, y estudiar cualquiera de ellas tiene sus ventajas y desventajas. (There are hundreds of careers, and studying any of them has advantages and disadvantages.) Cualquiera que estudie este libro va a aprender cosas que le van a ser muy à ºtiles en su vida. (Anyone who studies this book will learn things that will be very useful in his or her life. Cualquiera que is typically followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood.) En cualesquiera circunstancias, la mente siempre encontrarà ¡ algo para que no seas feliz. (In any circumstance, the mind will always find something so you arent happy. The Spanish is an example of the plural form, although it is translated as singular in English.) Quienquiera que seas, no importa. (Whoever you are, it doesnt matter. Quienquiera que is typically followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood.) Nuestro movimiento està ¡ abierto a quienquiera. (Our movement is open to anyone.) Cuandoquiera que dos o tres alcohà ³licos se reà ºnan en interà ©s de la sobriedad, podrà ¡n llamarse un grupo de A.A. (Whenever two or three alcoholics get together in the interest of sobriety, they will be able to call themselves an AA group. Cuandoquiera que is typically followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood, although sometimes the indicative mood is used when referring to an event that regularly occurs.) Puedes llamarme por celular cuandoquiera. (You can call me by cell phone at any time.) Translating to Spanish Be aware that while it usually works to translate Spanish -quiera words as English -ever words, the reverse isnt always true. In other words, the -ever words of English are more versatile than the -quiera words of Spanish. For example, whoever sometimes has basically the same meaning as who but is used mainly for emphasis. Thus Whoever is calling you? would better be translated simply as  ¿Quià ©n te llama? rather than using some form of quienquiera. Also, whatever also is used in numerous ways. Where whatever is the equivalent of any, it often can be translated using cualquiera. For example, You can be whatever type of woman you want to be could be translated as Puedes ser cualquier tipo de mujer que quieres ser. But when it is used to express indifference, you might translate it using something as no importa, which literally means it isnt important. Key Takeaways Common Spanish words ending in -quiera include dondequiera (wherever), comoquiera (however), cualquiera (whichever), quienquiera (whoever), and cuandoquiera (whenever).Sometimes the -quiera words are followed by que and a verb in the subjunctive mood.When used as an adjective before a singular, masculine noun, the -quiera ending changes to -quier.

Essay about Tutorial Questions Week 3 - 719 Words

1. When interpreting legislation, the Courts use several approaches to aid their interpretation. Describe how the literal, golden and mischief rules of interpretation operate. 2. The skills to Interpreting legislation are crucial to legal problem solving. In order give the correct advice, you must first identify the issues, articulate an argument, reach a conclusion and give reasons for such a conclusion. You may wish to consider both sides of the argument, but do not waste effort formulating an argument that you consider to be without merit. Section 1 of the Street Offences Act 1989 provides: This Act is intended to prevent solicitation for purposes of prostitution in streets and other public places. Section 2 provides: It shall†¦show more content†¦The following is an extract from Questions without Notice (House of Representatives, Debates 1995, vol 138, 1247): â€Å"Mr Burke – I understand that legislation will shortly be introduced in the Parliament to give effect to the Convention on Hijacking, which Australia has recently ratified. Will the legislation apply to aircraft hijackers presently at large in this country, who cannot be proceeded against under any existing law? Mr Darcy – The Aircraft Hijacking Bill, which I shall introduce in the House tomorrow, is intended to apply and does apply to hijackers who cannot at present be reached by the law.† The Act†¦is as follows: Aircraft Hijacking Act 1995 No. 136 of 1995 An Act to deal with national and international hijacking of aircraft [Assented 1 July 1995] The Parliament of Australia enacts: Short title - 1. This Act may be cited as the Aircraft Hijacking Act 1995. Possession of weapons on aircraft 2. Any person (other than a crew member or an aircraft guard) who possesses on board any aeroplane, airship, glider or any other transport whatsoever, any firearm, ammunition, weapon or explosive substance, shall be guilty of an offence punishable by five years’ imprisonment. Diversion of aircraft 3 Any person who causes to be diverted or attempts to cause to be diverted an aircraft from its scheduled course shall be guilty of an offence punishable by life imprisonment. QUESTIONSShow MoreRelatedEcon2103 Tutorial Questions1354 Words   |  6 Pages2103 BUSINESS AND GOVERNMENT SEMESTER 2, 2013 LECTURE SCHEDULE (WEEKS 7-12) AND TUTORIAL PROGRAM (WEEKS 8-13) 1 Econ 2103 Weeks 7 to 12 Lectures The second half of the course will look at some of the challenges, complex questions and conflicting forces faced by government in designing and implementing policy. The lectures will examine the issues faced by government in the areas of (1) redistribution of income (2) taxation (3) affordable housing (4) aging of the population (5) privatisationRead MoreEssay about Mat 510 Week 3 Discussion Question950 Words   |  4 PagesMAT 510 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION QUESTION To purchase this visit following link: https://coursehomework.com/product/mat-510-week-3-discussion-question/ Contact us at: HELP@COURSEHOMEWORK.COM MAT 510 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION QUESTION 1. Per the textbook, to eliminate or reduce non-value-added work is a core step in improving profitability or efficiency of the business process. Give your opinion on whether or not you agree or disagree with this statement and include one (1) example of a business process whichRead MoreMat 540 Ash Course Tutorial/Tutorialrank Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesHere to Buy the Tutorial http://www.tutorialrank.com/MAT/ASHFORD-MAT-540/product-7758-ashford-mat-540-entire-course For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Tutorial Purchased: 5 Times, Rating: A+ MAT 540 Week 1 DQ 1 Gallup Poll MAT 540 Week 1 DQ 2 Qualitative vs. Quantitative MAT 540 Week 2 DQ 1 Scatter Plot MAT 540 Week 2 DQ 2 Correlation and Causation MAT 540 Week 3 DQ 1 Actuaries MAT 540 Week 3 DQ 2 Probability Video Analysis MAT 540 Week 4 DQ 1 NormalRead MoreBCOM 275 Complete Class1327 Words   |  6 Pages Check this A+ tutorial guideline at http://www.assignmentcloud.com/BCOM-275/BCOM-275-Complete-Class. 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What are some common misconceptions about marketing? 2. Describe the significance of the shift from transaction-based marketing to relationship marketing. When does relationship building begin? 3. Define marketing myopia, and describe

Behaviors Succeed In My Professional Life â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Behaviors Succeed In My Professional Life? Answer: Introduction The focus of the report is on a self-reflection of self-awareness and development of professionalism within the tourism and hospitality sector. The topic will discuss the various ways understanding and evaluation of theoretical concepts of problem solving and decision making help in gaining wisdom and planning for obtaining employment position within the tourism industry of Australia. Further comprehension will help me to progress in my career with ease and effectiveness. The report will also focus on the self-awareness skills, determine the career related strengths and weaknesses to understand how I can progress in my career, and work at a sustainable position within the business organizations (Baum 2016). Self-awareness The report is designed for enhancing self-awareness to make progress in their career within the tourism and hospitality industry. The self-awareness report is not only developed for enhancing the efficiency of practical activities but also can help to gain personal benefits to form real life self-management strategies. This can further assist me to gain a good employment position as well as ensure career growth and development with convenience (Bunakovet al. 2015). Success in a career requires specific knowledge and self-awareness skills to create a good position of employment within the organization and furthermore ensures career growth. Personality Personality of a human being represents the character and how they manage daily activities. Personality provides an in-depth analysis of individual behaviors and how maintenance of good values can allow individuals to perform to their potential within the organization. Overview of the personality theories The Myers Briggs-Type Indicator or MBTI is considered as an effective career development tool for evaluating the personality of human beings and understand the benefits of such kind of personality trait. This would not only help in developing own career, but could also allow the individuals to progress in their academic field within the tourism sector (Kabilan 2013). It can enable proper development of career and professional growth as well as enhance the potential of team to perform efficiently while working as an employee within organizations in the future. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, the four major psychological preferences are sensation, feeling, intuition and thinking that are considered as the most dominant characteristics of human beings. By studying this Indicator, I have gathered enough experiences and skills, but also experienced few major psychometric issues including poor validity and reliability (Little 2012). The Myer Briggs model has been applied by me to give attention and focus on myself and even determine my inner thoughts through reflection while the extraversion ability has allowed me to communicate with people and provide my opinions and responses properly. My intuition power is increased and this can effectively improve the sensing ability to collect relevant data and information, manage practical approaches and focus on reality more than fantasy. Thus by gaining the skills of better thinking and feeling, I could also make effective decisions in business while working in an organization in future (Maci 2013). Among the two models, Myer Briggs and Big Five models of personality, Big Five model of personality dimensions is more useful because it has influenced my ability of openness to experience by making me become imaginative, artistic and more curious about learning and gathering new information and knowledge. The conscientiousness has increased and this made me become more responsible, persistent and manage activities in an organized way. I will be able to maintain cooperation with workers as well as build trust among them. This would make me calm, self-confident and avoid stressful situations, thereby maintain positive attitude in stressful situations as well (Mersino 2013). Therefore, these two models have helped me to understand the different phases of personality and advancing in my career can help in achieving these to obtain a good position. My personality is linked with the choice I make to progress in my career, because maintaining a positive personality and behavior can help in understanding what can be the most suitable choice to advance in my professional career with ease and effectiveness (Bunakov et al. 2015). The personality has helped me to think critically and even make innovative thinking to understand the benefits of the career choice, because it can improve my professional career and enhance my skills and knowledge level to perform efficiently as well. An awareness of the personality test results can enhance the performance of individuals largely. Self-awareness of personality not only identifies the areas of weaknesses but also can help me to see everything positively and develop a sense of trust and credibility among individuals (Doch yet al. 2012). ISFJs have been categorized to find out the various personality conditions and determine the persons own behavior and attitudes. The results from the personality test showed that the person had preference of introversion over extraversion. Within the hospitality industry, It is important for me to focus more on the customer satisfaction rather than becoming more and more socially connected, which can make them loose my focus from the actual objectives that are needed to be achieved (Mersino 2013). Due to my analytical skills, I would be able to emerge as a leader and system to others patiently while playing the role of a supervisor. It would allow the individual to progress in the traditional career as well through teaching, social work and even managing the human resources properly within the hospitality sector. The leadership abilities would help in becoming loyal to the employees. From the personality test, it could be understood that the individuals who are more introvert have fe w close friends and they do hold the ability to find out critical issues and take initiative for discovering the issue with ease and effectiveness (Capps, Crawford and Constas 2012). Values and Motivators Business organizations within the tourism and hospitality sector do not function by focusing on a single area of expertise, but on various areas, which need constant monitoring and assessment. Thus, for gaining a good position of employment within the organization, it is important for me to become self-aware, self-disciplined and even more focused on the mission statement and vision of the organization, where I will be working in the future (Mor and Mogilevsky 2013). The organizational culture defines values as essential attributes and behaviours that are maintained by us to determine the existence of state and make judgmental decisions about what is right and wrong. The terminal values are the desirables and states of emotions perceived whereas the instrumental values include the various approaches of achieving the terminal values efficiently. Good values can influence ones behavior and even create negative mindset among people sometimes. Values can help me to understand attitudes, behaviors of own self and manage interpretations of what is right and what is wrong. Hofstedes framework encompasses the values maintained across cultures including the power distance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity vs femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long term and short term orientation and finally indulgence vs self restraint. Power distance index makes a statement regarding the less powerful members of the organization who believe that power has been distributed unequally (Carmody 2013). The individualism vs collectivism enables people to get integrated into groups while the uncertainty avoidance index determines the ability and tolerance level of society to handle ambiguity. The masculinity refers to the act of heroism, dominance within the society while the femininity refers to the cooperation and weak quality of life. The long term and short term orientation refers to the present and future actions and challenges that may be faced while advancing in career while the indulgence vs restraint include fulfilling the desires of human beings and allowing them to lead a peaceful life (Cochrane and Narayan 2013). The terminal values include the existence state and the approaches followed by a person to accomplish the goals and objectives during the life cycle. The instrumental values could help the individual to gain the behavior for achievement of terminal values with ease and effectiveness. By obtaining these important values, it would be easy for accomplishing the goals and objectives and get motivation, which is an essential aspect for performing to the potential. As the results of the personality test show more preference over introvert rather than being extrovert, so the terminal values are achieved (Dochy et al. 2012). These kinds of values can help in providing equal oprotunities to everyone and create a sense of harmony for ensuring freedom from internal conflicts. The social recognition would allow for gaining the respect of others and obtain a mature understanding about the meaning of life. Maslows hierarchy of needs theory acts as an effective motivation theory that can help in ke eping the individuals motivated all throughout by fulfilling their needs at different levels such as the safety needs, social needs, psychological needs, esteem, self actualization. An individual pursuing career in the field of tourism and hospitality can make him fulfill his needs and gain both personal and financial security, furthermore maintain good relationships with people and remain motivated all throughout (Cochrane and Narayan 2013). By maintaining a good culture, there would be less discrimination, and a healthy workplace would be created that would influence my behaviors and attitudes to perform to my potential and enhance the organizational performance largely (Schoemaker, Krupp and Howland 2013). When the attitudes and behaviors of leaders are positive, it will also encourage and motivate me to enhance my potential and bring out the best in terms of my performance. The other motivators include good leadership skills, reward systems and maintaining a positive attitude within the organizational premises. To succeed in my career and ensure that I gain a good employment position within the industry, I will talk politely with my seniors and even ask for any help during critical situations, so that the issues are clarified properly (Scott, Cortina and Carlisle 2012). The power values reflect the ability to control other and gain respect by providing them with enough support during the accomplishment of career objectives (Smith et al. 2012). I have also seen that visual perception not only gives us access to relevant information but also provide own response for representing a sense of data in a graphical format. According to me, providing rewards and praising performances could also motivate the person to work more efficiently and gain a positive mindset to ensure development in the career (Van Driel and Berry 2012). Emotional intelligence Emotions are defined as the feeling of human beings that have been directed at someone or something. Based on behaviors and attitudes, emotions exist. The emotions are derived from personality traits, behaviors, attitudes and achievement of something. Emotional Intelligence is the ability to carry out sophisticated information processing about emotions and emotion-relevant stimuli and to use this information as a guide to thinking and behaviour (Mayer, Salovey Caruso, 2008, p.503). Recognising/Perceiving emotion Using emotion Understanding emotion Managing emotion With the help of emotional intelligence abilities and skills, it would be easy to manage the individual career on which I should be working on and even improve the performances largely (Visser, Evering and Barrett 2014). The employers within the organisations consider the emotional intelligence skills and abilities valuable for enhancing the workplace outcomes and also improve the performance of employees with ease and effectiveness. The employers make investments in Emotional Intelligence training and testing Emotional Quotient for improving their skills, knowledge and expertise level and allow them to perform to the extent that they have been capable of (Zepeda 2012). The personal skills are self-awareness, self-regulation and motivation while the social skills are empathy and social skills including abilities to handle conflicts, develop bonds with others, communication and act like a leader. The self-awareness skills would help me in gaining self-confidence and manage self-regula tion and control through motivation and encouragement to commit fully to the organization (Zionts 2012). From the results of EI questionnaire, it could be understood that the self awareness, self management, social awareness and relationship management skills had remained similar. I need to improve my social awareness to improve the social status and ensure that good relationships are developed while working within the organization within the hospitality and tourism sector. Self-awareness has allowed the individual to understand own strengths and limitations, and then make a proper decision regarding the choice of career (Capps, Crawford and Constas 2012). The perceived emotions and adaptability skills have helped in grabbing the scopes and opportunities to overcome obstacles and furthermore meet the internal standard of excellence for becoming successful in the future. The self-management skills are good, which can help in achieving orientation and manage own roles and responsibilities to enable transparency. This would further enable the person to manage honesty and respond to the nee ds and preferences of customers with ease and effectiveness (Bunakov et al. 2015). I need to improve the persuasive strategies for managing conflicts, leading the people in the right direction and ensure proper cooperation between the team members for developing a team effectively. By managing relationships with individuals, it would help to consider their responses and make a final decision in the end properly (Baum 2016). Leadership Leadership is a personality trait that allows a person to guide the subordinates or employees in the right direction and allow them to understand their roles and responsibilities properly too. This would help in making the employees skilled and knowledgeable and make them perform to their potential too. Here the charismatic leadership has been talked about that can not only help individuals to gain a proper sense of vision but also will help in maintaining a positive attitude or behavior to make the business function properly (Bunakov et al. 2015). The charismatic leadership is essential here for creating a vision, gain ability to take risks and accomplish the objectives with ease, overcome environmental issues, provide guidance to the followers and maintain a positive behavior that is unique, though effective for achieving good business outcomes. Transactional leaders motivate and encourages workers in the right direction to achieve objectives by making clarification of task requirements while the transformational leader makes decisions according to self interest and cerate positive effect on the followers too. The ethical leadership theory shows how leaders could create positive attitudes among workers, make them socially constructive and manage proper methods to achieve the goals and objectives. This would also build trust and loyalty among the leader and his followers (Carmody 2013). I would someday like to become a leader within an organization where I would work in the future. I would progress in my career with the help of my social, interpersonal and emotional intelligence skills and try to move to various levels within the organisation. This would not only create enough opportunities for me to obtain the various leadership skills but even allow me to manage the human resources successfully (Baum 2016). I would also lead with certain questions and follow the democratic leadership style, so all the employees could provide their opinions and responses, based on which I would make a final decision (Bunakovet al. 2015). This can make the employees feel that they are valued and allowed to take part in the process of decision-making. As a leader, I aspire for promoting effective communication to make the employees understand the goals and objectives of the organization, motivate and encourage them to make them perform better, enable positivity and create a good cult ure within the organizational premises, cerate innovation and creativity and finally obtain feedbacks and responses of employees to understand the areas of weaknesses. This would ensure that the risks and issues had been overcome to bring out the best productivity within the organisation (Carmody 2013). Power and PoliticsCoercive Power Reward Power This would allow me to enable compliance according to the skills and abilities that I had gained to distribute the rewards that can be viewed by others with ease. Legitimate Power The legimate power is based on and what power I have received based on my position within the organisations formal hierarchy. Expert Power The expert power would allow me to manage some activities through betterment of skills and knowledge that I had gained while progressing in my career (Dochy et al. 2012). Referent Power The influence gained through possession by an individual or with the proper utilization of personality traits that I do possess. Power, politics and influences are three major components of the organizational behaviour. Power denotes the ability to influence the decision making process and controlling of resources with ease and effectiveness while the politics include the informal approaches that allow for obtaining power and authority based on luck or merit. The influence includes resemblance of power and can be more subtle rather than being direct. The approaches to power are understood by integrating the bureaucracy and with the combination of rule and authority (Dochyet al. 2012). Pluralism theory is useful in this instance to explain how I can distribute power among the various groups of individuals I may work with in the future as a manager. The Marxist approach to power is also effective for me to focus on the dominance of class within the capitalist societies. Organizational learning promotes authority, and the various approaches for doing so are the management training, development of management and d evelopment of organisation (Goeldner and Ritchie 2012). All these approaches are essential for me to gain the power, politics and influence over authority to manage the workforce properly and ensure career growth and development with ease and effectiveness. The legimate power can allow me to emerge as a leader and progress in my career with much ease and effectiveness. The expert power on the other hand can improve my skills and knowledge level and make me perform to my potential effectively. Decision making and planning Kolbs model is applied for determining the most important problem, identify its causes, manage the best solution and implement the solution finally. This is done by following the various steps including situational analysis, problem analysis, solution analysis and implementation analysis. The situational analysis will help me to gain a concrete experience and gain in-depth analysis of the problems, reflect the observations to analyse the problem, conceptualize the abstract and data and finally manage active experimentation to implement the solution for overcoming the problem effectively (Cochrane and Narayan 2013). Suppose within the organization, there is quarrel among workers, I will listen to the causes of such problem ather than taking any necessary step immediately. This would keep me knowledgeable and informed about the problems and finally make a decision to overcome the problem with ease and efficiency. While pursuing the degree related to the tourism and hospitality, it is important for me to make a particular decision based on the internship facilities, geographic location, paid or unpaid nature, training and development opportunities and employment opportunities provided. It is important to check all the available facilities and ensure that right opportunities are provided by the university where I am currently willing to pursue my course of interest. The geographical location must also be convenient for me to visit and study my course properly. I will like to work on the nearest location and also progress in my career by visiting the nearest university for obtaining good amount of knowledge and information and furthermore make progress with ease and effectiveness. (Kabilan 2013). On the other hand, the decision making theory can help me to study the reasoning according to which the choices are made by agents. There are both normative and descriptive decision theories (Little 2012). The normative decision theory enables me to make the best decision and select the most suitable alternative for allowing me to progress in my career whereas the descriptive decision theory analyses the existing irrational agents that make decisions. The decisions can be made based on choices under uncertainty while complex decisions are made by assessing the resources that are obtained and analyzing those properly (Maci 2013). The intuitive decision making theory enables to make decisions based on intuitions and use analytical data to determine alternative solutions. This would allow for making decisions of selecting the right career and even determine the benefits that could be obtained by obtaining internship facilities within the tourism and hospitality sector (Kabilan 2013). Conclusion The report was presented for ensuring that my professional development could be further developed by an improved understanding of self-awareness and decision making theory., . The goals and objectives had been achieved with the help of identifying the self-awareness skills, personality traits, values and motivators along with the leadership aspirations and ability to manage the human resources with ease and effectiveness. These various findings showed that I manage a positive and proactive personality type to identify the scopes and opportunities, determine the initiatives that are needed to be taken and finally take necessary action. This would not only create a positive change but would help in overcoming the obstacles and limitations fruitfully. This has been motivated by Big Five personality model and the transformational leadership style has helped me to enhance my skills and knowledge and progress in my career with ease and effectiveness. References Baum, T. ed., 2016.Human resource issues in international tourism. Elsevier. Bunakov, O.A., Zaitseva, N.A., Larionova, A.A., Chudnovskiy, A.D., Zhukova, M.A. and Zhukov, V.A., 2015. Research on the evolution of management concepts of sustainable tourism and hospitality development in the regions.Journal of Sustainable Development,8(6), p.39. Capps, D.K., Crawford, B.A. and Constas, M.A., 2012. A review of empirical literature on inquiry professional development: Alignment with best practices and a critique of the findings.Journal of science teacher education,23(3), pp.291-318. Carmody, J., 2013. Intensive tour guide training in regional Australia: an analysis of the Savannah Guides organisation and professional development schools.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,21(5), pp.679-694. Cochrane, T. and Narayan, V., 2013. Redesigning professional development: reconceptualising teaching using social learning technologies.Research in Learning Technology,21(1), p.19226. Dochy, F., Gijbels, D., Segers, M. and Van den Bossche, P., 2012.Theories of learning for the workplace: Building blocks for training and professional development programs.. Goeldner, C.R. and Ritchie, J.B., 2012.Tourism: principles, practices, philosophies(No. Ed. 12). John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R.E. and McKee, A., 2013.Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Horng, J.S. and Tsai, C.T.S., 2012. Culinary tourism strategic development: an Asia?Pacific perspective.International journal of tourism research,14(1), pp.40-55. Kabilan, M.K., 2013. A phenomenological study of an international teaching practicum: Pre-service teachers' experiences of professional development.Teaching and Teacher Education,36, pp.198-209. Little, J.W., 2012. Professional community and professional development in the learning-centered school.Teacher learning that matters: International perspectives, pp.22-46. Maci, S., 2013.Tourism discourse: professional, promotional and digital voices(Vol. 11). Ecig. Mersino, A., 2013.Emotional intelligence for project managers: The people skills you need to achieve outstanding results. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Mor, Y. and Mogilevsky, O., 2013. The learning design studio: collaborative design inquiry as teachers professional development.Research in Learning Technology,21(1), p.22054. Schoemaker, P.J., Krupp, S. and Howland, S., 2013. Strategic leadership: The essential skills.Harvard business review,91(1), pp.131-134. Scott, S.E., Cortina, K.S. and Carlisle, J.F., 2012. Understanding coach-based professional development in reading first: How do coaches spend their time and how do teachers perceive coaches' work?.Literacy research and instruction,51(1), pp.68-85. Smith, W.K., Besharov, M.L., Wessels, A.K. and Chertok, M., 2012. A paradoxical leadership model for social entrepreneurs: Challenges, leadership skills, and pedagogical tools for managing social and commercial demands.Academy of Management Learning Education,11(3), pp.463-478. Van Driel, J.H. and Berry, A., 2012. Teacher professional development focusing on pedagogical content knowledge.Educational Researcher,41(1), pp.26-28. Visser, R.D., Evering, L.C. and Barrett, D.E., 2014. # TwitterforTeachers: The implications of Twitter as a self-directed professional development tool for K12 teachers.Journal of Research on Technology in Education,46(4), pp.396-413. Zepeda, S.J., 2012.Professional development: What works. Eye on education. Zionts, S., 2012, December. MULTIPLE CRTTERTA DECISION MAKING. InMultiple Criteria Decision Making Theory and Application: Proceedings of the Third Conference Hagen/Knigswinter, West Germany, August 2024, 1979(Vol. 177, p. 150). Springer Science Business Media.

Asian Agri and the future of Palm oil Essay Essay Example

?Asian Agri and the future of Palm oil Essay Essay Is Tanoto correct that palm oil has a bright hereafter? Tanoto is right that palm oil – aka the â€Å"golden corp† of Southeast Asia – has a bright hereafter. It is really economic to be produced, due to its high output and low cost of production compared with production of other comestible oils. With higher economic growing, the demand for nutrient and fuel is quickly turning in the Asiatic states of India and China. So, it is likely that we see a similar positive consequence on the demand for Palm oil. Additionally, in today’s universe, there are wellness concerns sing the rise in the usage of trans-fat. This has led consumers and packaged goods to companies limit its usage. The increasing wellness consciousness has would lend to increased usage of this trade good as palm oil is trans-fat free. Furthermore, with increasing demand for biodiesel, palm oil could good go an of import portion of the renewable fuel and play a critical function in the energy concern. We will write a custom essay sample on ?Asian Agri and the future of Palm oil Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on ?Asian Agri and the future of Palm oil Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on ?Asian Agri and the future of Palm oil Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If yes, how should Asian Agri beef up its place? If no, what should Yeo’s scheme be? If ill-defined, what could Yeo make to better the planetary usage of thenar oil? I think due to the increasing function that palm oil has to play in the planetary economic system, Asiatic Agri should beef up its place in the industry and advance the planetary usage of palm oil. They could make this through: Sustainable Production Asiatic Agri should sharply excite the usage of sustainable palm oil. They can make this by maintaining to the set of economic, environmental, legal, and societal criterions set, in the production procedure of palm oil. Since sustainability will be an of import factor for the company to distinguish itself from rivals and to remain strong in the industry, the company should go on to acquire all its â€Å"properties† certified as â€Å"sustainable† . They can besides develop in-between directors, supervisors and workers on sustainable palm oil production. ExpansionWith palm oil demand rise, Asiatic Agri should go on to spread out their plantation size. Although there are seeable troubles to get land in Indonesia, the company should non abandon their enlargement programs. I feel that it will be a good pick to diversify geographically, preponderantly to states in Africa and South America where land is abundant. This helps the company to diversify hazard both politically and financially. It makes good fiscal sense to non set all their eggs in one basket – Indonesia, and good political sense as political instability or public violences are a really existent possibility in Indonesia. Additionally, by turning its trading and sourcing operations, Asiatic Agri can deduce more value from its market expertness and refinement activities. This will assist the company to set up direct linkages with its clients at the finish market. This could besides assist cut down supply concatenation related disbursals for of the company. Selling and PromotionI think Asiatic Agri can set about more selling and promotional activities, which could assist them increase market portion. They can play off the fact on wellness advantages that palm oil has over other comestible oils. The point that palm oil is trans-fatâ€Å"` free can be put to good usage in the selling run, which will assist turn to increasing concerns of trans fat ingestion. They can make this through advertizements, use of societal media, and distribution of booklets that will assist educate clients. With projections bespeaking that planetary thenar oil production would about double by 2020, it makes sense that Asiatic Agri to be proactive in its enlargement, selling and promotional programs. Although we recognize the lifting anxiousness from environmental NGOs and other challenges, the fact remains that palm oil concern has really high potency, given sustainable production and good publicity.

Case Study-Avon Essays - American Brands, Avon Products, Free Essays

Case Study-Avon Essays - American Brands, Avon Products, Free Essays Case Study-Avon Avon Case What direct marketing efforts would you recommend to Avon? Who would be the target market? What range of products would be sold, and how would those products be offered? What other specific price, distribution, promotion, and product mix strategies and tactics would you propose and why? When I think of Avon the first thought that comes into mind are the Avon ladies and those Avon catalogs. This is actually what most people think of I believe. Avon is a extremely well-known company but this does not mean it doesnt have its problems. During the 80s Avon has had its shares of negativity; debt reaching -$400 millions but since then has bought itself up again and now into the 21st century it is trying many different options to increase sales which have barely climbed in the last four years. The direct marketing efforts that I recommend Avon make are to definitely focus on television advertisement commercials like they did in the early 90s. To be honest the only advertisement for Avon I know of or only recognize are the print ads in magazines. Having television ads would make people more aware of Avon than they already are. It definitely would linger in peoples minds more than just seeing magazine ads. Print advertisements should also increase in number and be published in different magazines ranging from teens to woman with products being advertised that are targeted to that specific group. Telemarketing can be help but I do not think Avon needs to focus on this. Maybe having telemarketers calling during holiday seasons offering a free holiday catalog or even just calling year round asking if consumers have an Avon representative or if they wish to receive a free catalog and have a Avon representative in their area contact them. Avon has used this method in the past but this method might be expensive and not yield much profit since you are not actually taking orders during these phone calls. Direct mailing could also be of help since Avon has tried this in the past and has a greater response then the norm (11% rather then the 1% or 2% norm). This could also erase telemarketing since it basically is the same concept but no Avon representative would be given the interested customers name and address. Adding bind-ins could be useful too since the average girl or woman do read a lot of magazines and this would work well with print media advertisements. Imagine having an ad for an Avon product and then right next to it you see a postage paid reply card for a free catalog. Even though Avon has in the past sent out samples of products maybe adding samples of makeup or fragrances in magazine ads would attract people to buy them and other products. Avon has recently begun to talk about how they are going to sell a special product line at stores such as Sea rs. This is a great opportunity for Avon to put ads in local newspapers of the cities in which there are Searss stores and also to buy space in Searss weekly flyer in Sunday papers. This can be an enormous plus for sales and profits of Avon. I know this will hurt Avon representative but what is being sold is not the same product line sold in the catalog. Loyal product users of the catalog makeup will always stick with their favorite from the catalog. Avons main target market has always been woman between 35 and 54. I feel that Avon should focus in the young woman/teen market. I feel that once young women become customers that they will be customer for a long time and maybe even life. It is best to expose and introduce someone to Avon when young because I know I am still wearing some of the same brands of makeup that I did when I was younger. College students to me would be a great target market since most dont have enough money to buy department store makeup and even drugstores Avon is known for its affordability and this group would be perfect to target. Once one friend has the makeup a ripple effect usually occurs. Groups of friends

Development Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Development Economics - Essay Example (Das 2001, p. 25) It is a disturbing phenomenon, which, in the wake of globalization, has been escalated into a full blown international crisis. Various studies point to several factors responsible for child labour. These include lack of education, poverty, insufficient legislation and, if there are in place, their poor enforcement, family background, culture, exploitation and backward technologies, among others. The economic factor in the problem seems to take the most responsibility as statistics and literature on the subject have shown - child labour is prevalent in low-income countries. Hence, we will examine the issue in this perspective. Basically child labour constitutes a market with its own buyers and sellers coming together where such labour is exchanged for a price and, therefore, subject to the laws of supply and demand. According to Sayan Chakrabarty, the market includes those who provide child labour, such as households the children live in, and those who utilize it and that together both sides influence the incidence of child labour – its amount and productivity. (p. 17) To quote: The more pressure exerted on the supply side (i.e. the more households offer child labor), the less productive and remunerated this labor will tend to be. The more pressure is exerted in the demand side (i.e. the more uses for child labor are generated), the more productive and remunerated it will be. (p. 18) The Basu-Van model examines the relationship of poverty to child labour more specifically. In this model, it is argued that labour markets in low income economies are often characterized by multiple equilibria. This means that there are several possibilities in its incidence. One possibility is the prevalence of low (adult) wages, which are not enough to feed a family, and in such situations parents are compelled to send their children to work. (p. 412-27) The labour market equilibrium in this case involves participation of

Discourse with an Atheist Who Beleives That Gos Does Not Exist Essay

Discourse with an Atheist Who Beleives That Gos Does Not Exist - Essay Example For instance, evolution does not explain the forces that combined the hydrogen and oxygen molecules and dust particles to form the primordial cell. Likewise, the causes and reacting elements that triggered the Big Bang or the star’s withdrawal of elements from the sun, as is alleged in the Star-Tidal theory are not cogently identified in non-creationist theories. Even non-creationist theories have to take a leap of faith in investigating the origin of life forms (Mongrain, 2011, 205). Contrary to the above, no one can repudiate the fact that the world, the universe and life forms are too complex to have been brought about by random chance. The intricate network of the blood vessels in mammals (especially man), the universal order and man’s linguistic capabilities, are just some of the indicators of an intelligent Being who must have designed the universe. Had the Star-Tidal or the Big Bang incident brought the universe and life forms into existence, chances for this str iking order would be zero (1/?). Logically, if God exists, then His interactions with His creation will be inevitable, and the vestiges of these interactions may also be notable. Still, these requirements are consistent with the Biblical notion of God’s existence. Particularly, there are indicators of the universal or the Noahic flood, just as the Bible alleges that the flood took place around 4,300 BC. For instance, the multiple sources and traditions of the worldwide deluge as is seen in the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Rig Veda and Ovid’s Metamorphosis and the Chinese’s Book of Knowledge, among others provide the Noahic flood with multiple attestations. Particularly, there are over 240 literature and traditions which mention the worldwide flood. The slight disparities among the accounts do not really discount the plausibility of a universal flood having taken place. Instead, the numerous accounts corroborate it. 2) A case for Jesus' claim to be God and for His resu rrection That Jesus claimed to be God is directly settled in many references. Some of these references include: Matthew 12:6-8 (He refers to Himself as the Initiator of the Sabbath); Mark 2:1, 2, 10 (He forgives sins); Matthew 7:21-23 (He is the ultimate Judge who can render eternal damnation); Mathew 14:33 and John 9:38 (He accepts worship). Conversely, Christ’s claim to be God is expressly seen in the instance where He takes up God’s name and therefore equating Himself with God, in John 8:23-4. In Exodus 3:12-14, God reveals Himself to Moses, with the name I AM. In His discourse with the Pharisees and the rest of the Jews, Jesus does not only claim to have preceded Abraham, but also takes on the name; I AM (Williams, 2010, 27). In Mark 2:1, 2 and 10, before healing a paralytic, Jesus speaks of having forgiven the young man’s sins. The Scribes and those gathered there charged (rightly) in their hearts that only God had the power to forgive sins. To validate His claim of having the power to forgive sins, Jesus heals the paralytic. The crux of the matter herein is that while it is easy for any one to claim to have the power to forgive sins, He healed the paralytic as proof to His ability to forgive sins. Logically, a man’s words just before his death are usually taken seriously, especially when the actor or speaker is aware that he is on the brink of death. At this instance, an individual weighs his words and deeds carefully because of the knowledge of the irreversible nature of death and the eternal state that

Role of a Teacher in English Language Learning

Role of a Teacher in English Language Learning Chapter I Introduction The Problem and Importance This investigation is fundamentally based on the situation that the students live every day in Public High Schools students live everyday, such a case is Liceo Diurno de Esparza within the process of learning English for Oral Communication. As part of Academic Education, learning English has become of primary importance in a globalized world. The creation and the advance of the massive mass media as well as the means of transportation have contributed for people to be able to communicate more quickly. However, despite the fast advancement of communications, an idiomatic barrier exists, and it is imposed among all the communities in the world and that impedes to communicate more efficiently. The study of a foreign language was set in order to improve communication among different countries; those countries establish a universal language as an international way of communication. English is that language; it has become a worldwide language due to the great number of countries that use it as a native or foreign language. English has become mandatory in all public educational institutions in our nation. In the same way, the introduction of transnational companies during the first years of XXI, has brought to the country not only the aperture of more and bigger companies, hence opportunities to Costa Ricans, but also the demand on English speakers in terms of quality and quantity. In our country is very important that at least the basis of English are known in order to communicate in simple phrases, in our daily life routines, also because Costa Rica is a paradise for tourists and it demands a fullness in the way we manage this universal language as part of cultural and social diversity. The intervention of the state in the design of English programs for the public sector was given a little late. According to Cordova, (1994), cited by Miranda (1997): It was not unitl 1925, when the Costa Rican Government through the Department of Public Education decreed an internal regulation that permitted the teaching of foreign languages such as Latin, French, and English in Casa de Estudio Santo Tomà ¡s. English programs were not a success because of the lack of materials and English Teachers; for that reason, the programs were given by people who spoke that language and they had materials brought from other countries (p.3). That is to say, the Department of Education did not have as a priority the learning of foreign languages for the students. Despite the effort made by the Department, the quality of teaching was worse. English teaching continued being developed without qualified professionals, methodology, and material. English teaching and learning changed significantly in 1991, when the National Advisor decided to give a new course to the programs. It was in that year when a specific curriculum for English learning was created in High Schools and it covered Tercer Ciclo and Educacià ³n Diversificada (Senior High). Those programs were based on students needs. As a result advisors established in 1994 a program called Children of Costa Rica, in a modern and integrated world and decided English should be a subject inside the curriculum of schools. (Cabrera, 2005 p.3) Despite all the efforts, English had be taken as common subject inside the national test and covered only the written skill and it did not take into account the oral skills. Cabrera (2005) said that English had become a written test that included only reading comprehension, and the professors were limited only to teach how to read, but they excluded the other linguistic abilities. (p.1) After almost 70 years of English teaching in Costa Rica and multiple attempts to improve the English programs, it was only during the Government of Josà © Maria Figueres Olsen in 1996, when they really began to evaluate the quality of the programs, and it was determined that students from public schools needed to be orally proficient in English. Some years later, the Department of Public Education presented the first program of Conversational English for public schools which is part of the technological Education. The program of Conversational English covered listening and conversational skills to give students the capacity to use any given situation. Since the year 2001, the Conversational English Program has been implemented in the Public High Schools of Costa Rica that want to enter Conversational English as an optional subject in Technical Education. The Advisors of Technical Education are conscious of the responsibility that the High Schools represent in terms of English learning and the quality of the graduated students for they will face the dynamics of the business sector. Thus our current students should respond to the demands of the world in a near future. Yet, and during the last six years, the Department of Education has tried to change English Curriculum to give more emphasis on the oral and listening skills in the quality of English teaching and learning. Despite all the efforts, it is pitiful to know that after five or six years of English lessons, with three weekly lessons in the Tercer Ciclo (seventh, eighth and ninth grades), five weekly lessons in the Ciclo Diversificado (10th and 11th grades) and the development of a Conversational English Program with six weekly lessons, our graduates are still incapable of speaking English fluently. (Al Dà ­a, 2005). Badilla (2003), in his study A proposal of improvement of the applicability of the conversational English program of Public Education expresses that: The Costa Rican curriculum has suffered changes to be adapted to globalization and the programs should be analyzed to guarantee their quality(p.lO). Today, there are few existent studies related to the Conversational English Program and its applicability in different contexts. In the same way, it is important to mention that human beings suffer changes through life, and these changes possess some specific characteristics in the social and cultural aspects. In addition, all societies or communities present different characteristics from others. Those differences produce on any program the necessity of a contextualization because it is impossible to develop a program in the same way. All those aspects are very important to take into account in a program evaluation or study. Due to the little existence of research about the social factors and a good teacher as a facilitator and the way the curriculum of the MEP is applied, the research is considered of importance to contribute with the needs of the students learning. The main focus in this investigation is placed in determination of the topic in theoretical and social frames, according to the Costa Rican context. The investigation is build, as a main source, which analyzes the main factors that have their influence on the learning process of English for oral communication, with a hypothetical supposing that there are many factors which are motivators and barriers for the process of learning English for oral communication. The research considers the individual social characteristics as factors for participation in the process as well. A special emphasis in the investigation is directed about the students achievements toward the skills and capabilities which are required for successfully coping with the everyday job tasks and rapid changes in the students environment and society. Research is also giving the answers about the Teachers role and investment in the process of learning of the students. All of the factors if treating in positive manner will give an impetus to the learning process of individuals while have a negative impact on learning process if acting in a negative manner. But for this investigation we are taking into account three specific elements only, social factors, role of the teacher and curriculum designed by the MEP. The preceding situation justifies the importance of the present study. Justification Todays society demands more active and dynamic communication by the used of efficient ways focused on the learning of foreign languages in order to improved the universal the development not only in terms of economics but also culture and society. Therefore, in the last decade many countries have entered different programs for learning a second language. English learning as a second language requires the developing of a very complex learning process. It has become a need above all in the Costa Rican context because English becomes a language that offers opportunities to find employment. This is one of the greater demands that require the Costa Rican young population. It is important to emphasize that English is currently very important as an international language, and it is the main-reason to justify its teaching and learning to contribute to the student integral education. The students deficiencies to speak English are the result of some aspects such as teaching methodologies, teachers proficiency, short time for the development of the program, the program design, and the students social factors. There are many reasons and needs to learn a second language such as English; some of them are the bilingual personnel that the Job market, business and productive sectors demand. To cover those needs. Costa Rican government has established English teaching in private and public institutions. The authorities of the Department of Education, different businesses and the press have expressed concern because of the poor English fluency that students of secondary schools have after graduating. Umaà ±a (2005), a journalist of Al Dà ­a newspaper, States: English is increasingly necessary to opt for a position of work and it is a great worry in the country because people have very limited preparation to meet the demands of this language. (p.13) Besides the imposed needs by the companies and Jobs, other factors exist which contribute to different personal development of individuals periods; above all, in the social, intellectual, emotional, and psychological aspects. It is important to emphasize that the purpose of the different English programs is not to teach a foreign tongue, it is to teach people to be able to communicate with it. (Cabrera, 2006). In our country, Educational System has advanced by the introduction of the Conversational English Courses in High Schools, yet, there is a need for improving. Learning a second language, in our case English, requires of a process followed by steps that influence drastically the development of the students academically. In the last years, and in an overall way, it is clearly perceived the evidence that the graduating students have suffered the consequences of a poor efficiency level of oral communication in English received during their years in High School. Due to these effects, it is imperative to determine and analyze the relationship among the different factors that influence and provoke whether a positive or negative result in the students oral performance. This case of study focuses on the investigation of the relationship among the main internal elements that influence the process the learning English for Oral communication according to the current profile proposed by the M.E.P. in the 11th graders. Communication is many ways transferring information (Wikipedia.org). Our educational system places more emphasis in other areas of writing and reading. These two skills are important and part of a whole spectrum, however, there must by a greater emphasis and reinforcement on the listening as the input and oral communication as the output. The students that represent the case of study, are teenagers who have being exposed through out all the years to the Educational System. These students carry 10 years of studying English, and still unable to communicate orally in an efficient way. In addition to this, the profile proposed by the M.E.P. within the Communicative Framework attempts that all graduating students reach a certain level of oral communication which sufficient enough will give the future labour sector, the tools to find well remunerated jobs in a competitive world in which the use of a foreign language is mandatory as in the case of English. Yet, the intention of fulfilling the expectations need to be analyzed in order to find better methods and techniques in the process of learning English for oral communication. There is not doubt that the accurate development of the process of learning English through the Conversational English arises as way of given students a new opportunity to develop oral skills that will result into a successful tool for the future. It becomes of primary importance that students fulfill a series of standards imposed by a continuous changing and demanding society in which having a backup of a second language represents a key for progress in all aspects. While many discussions about learning a second language focus on teaching methodologies, little emphasis is given to the internal factors that influence the process such as the role of the teacher, students social factors, and the appropriate use of the curricula of the system. Therefore, this research considers that the study of the internal elements that affect the learning process comes to contribute with the improvement of the pedagogical practice. State the Problem Based on the premonition that the process of learning oral communication is influenced by a series of factors, it is imperative to identify and determine the main questioning as follow: Which Basic Internal Elements Influence the Process of Learning English in a Conversational Course for Oral Communication based on the Profile Proposed by the MEP in the 11th graders of the Liceo Diurno de Esparza in Puntarenas? Hypothesis The basic internal elements in the process for learning English in a conversational course for oral communication to be considered the main influence for the 11th graders are: The role of the teacher as a facilitator The students as the social center of the class The appropriate use of the communicative approach proposed by the MEP. The effect of the internal factors in the English Conversational Class at the Liceo Diurno de Esparza. General Objective Investigate how the role of the teacher as a facilitator, the students as the social center of the class and the appropriate use the communicative approach proposed by the MEP, influence the performance of the students during the process of learning English for oral communication. Specific Objectives Analyze the students as the social center of the class through the process of learning English for oral communication. Demonstrate the role of the teacher as facilitator in the process of teaching specifically listening and speaking. Relate the appropriate use of the communicate approach as part of students ´ achievement of the profile proposed by the MEP. Determine the internal factors effect on the 11th graders oral performance in the English Conversational Class at the Liceo Diurno de Esparza. Scope and Limitations As the major scope of this study, there is the attempt of making a relationship between the internal elements that affect the process for oral communication in the 11th graders. The achievements of this research are: This is centered on the Liceo Diurno de Esparza; therefore, its results to other high schools or institutions of the country cannot be generalized. The expectation for this case of study is to find and prove the effect whether negatively or positively that the role of the teacher as facilitator, the student as a center of the class and the communicative approach working together will launch. The main objective is to compile data that launches important facts about the main elements influencing the process of learning oral communication in the last year of Public High School. The study may be of interest for all English teachers around the country as a diagnose about the importance of teaching a second language using the Curricula (CLT) imposed by the MEP and under the stipulations of the Public Ministry of Education as well as any individual interested in having a view on the basic elements that influence the process of leaning oral communication. In the same way, the study may be a starting point for investigation that in the attempt to look for further information may use this case as the based for their investigation. Finally, in regards of the limitations that may be presented in the investigation are: It is imperative to mention that the Communicative Language Teaching used by Public Education in Costa Rica involves all four skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) as a whole spectrum in an integrated way; however, this study focuses only in Oral communication, in other words, in the speaking including the listening skill as the input. The little existence of investigations and studies that can serve of guide for the present investigation. The little existence of theoretical sources about the social factors and its influence on learning English for oral communication. The lack of confidence that the teacher and students can offer about the development of the program in its institutions. The validity or truth of the answers that the students offer in the different instruments. CHAPTER II Literature Review Role of the Teacher as a Facilitator within a humanist and constructivist point of view Today, teachers have to face the incorporation of new principles taken from educational psychology, such as humanism and constructivism. New beliefs, values and assumptions of the teacher about teaching encouraged the emergence of the view of the teacher as a facilitator rather than a transmitter of knowledge (Brown, 2001, 1991; Cook, 2003, 1991; Grasha 1996; Richards Lockhart 1994). According to Grasha (1996), a facilitator is a supporter, a guide, and feedback provider; a facilitator is a monitor and observer of students progress and an aide while learners are building and appropriating their knowledge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grashas (1996) description of a facilitator certainly reflects the influence of the humanistic view of education in which the learner is seen as a whole person, not just as a cognitive being whose thoughts, feelings and emotions should be considered by the teacher who makes learning meaningful and engaging (William Burden, 1997). In fact, according to these authors, making learning meaningful and engaging requires a facilitator who can:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ..create a sense of belonging, make the subject relevant to the learner, involve the whole person, encourage knowledge of self, minimize criticism, encourage creativity, develop knowledge of the process of learning, encourage self-initiation, allow for choice , and encourage self-evaluation. (p.38) Furthermore, the description of Grasha (1996) of the facilitator also reflects the principles of constructivism which integrates two branches, the cognitive and social (Brown, 2007, p.12) on learners. Several authors (Mitchell Myles, 1998; Williams Burden, 1997) describe a constructivist teacher as a mediator who encourages students to discover principles by themselves, engages in collaborative dialog with their students to help them connect their prior knowledge with the new knowledge being acquired and presents information in a format appropriate to the learners level of understanding. The humanistic and constructivist influence on the teaching-learning process of second languages is clear. In fact, in order for Communicative Language Teaching to reach its objectives, it requires of a teacher who perform a wide range of roles. According to Gebhard (1996, p.55), teaching is multifaceted, and much of the complexity involves how to assume roles that capitalize on our abilities in English while we at the same time take on roles that contribute to creating interaction in the classroom that is meaningful for both teachers and students, as promoted by constructivism. This explains why several authors agree that teachers perform different roles in the teaching-learning process according to the lesson stage (Harmer, 1991; Nunan Lamb, 1996, Richards Rodgers, 2001). Consequently, the teacher will be a controller when the group must be attentive to the topic being discussed at the moment; an adviser (when the teacher corrects or gives feedback to the students); organizer (when the teacher gives instructions or keeps the students working so the lesson goes on smoothly); encourager (when the teacher needs to encourage students to participate); participant (when the teacher participates in the class activities and respects the ideas, thoughts, and opinions given by students); resource (when the teacher provides information and assists students); tutor (when he/she helps to clarify ideas); researcher (when he/she observes and does some research on the teaching-learning procedures in the classroom), and facilitator (when the teacher creates a pleasant atmosphere for language learning). At first, it might seem that these roles are not consistent with the description of the facilitator, it should be remembered that the facilitator would adapt its teachi ng to suit the learners needs (Gebhard, 1996; Mitcherll Myles, 1997). On the other hand, the humanistic influence on todays teachers is further noticed in what Underhill (as cited in Arnorld, 1999) calls the holistic nature of facilitation. According to this author, every personal feature feelings, attitudes, thoughts, physical, presence, movements, quality of attention, degree of openness and so on (p132) of the instructor can influence the learning environment in which the learners are involved in every lesson. This holistic nature of facilitation also enhances the sensitiveness of teachers toward students reactions to class activities. In this sense, (OHara, 2003, as cite in Brown, 2007), focuses on the process of learning- teaching as a transformative pedagogy. He states that the goal of education is the facilitation of change and learning, where the teacher lowers to the level of student. Moreover, Rodgers (as cited in Brown, 2007) supports this idea by stating that the chance is established by the interpersonal relationships among facilitator and learners. According to this author, for the teacher to be facilitators, fist they must be real and genuine, discarding masks of superiority and omniscience; second have genuine trust, acceptance, and a prizing of the other person as a worthy, valuable individual and third need to communicate openly and empathetically with their students and vice versa. Teachers are challenged in fulfilling the wide range of roles somehow to be balanced in order to create harmony, positive atmosphere and guidance for the students. Yet, in order to be facilitative teachers, Krishnamurty (2001) points out they have to be enthusiastic participants in the classroom   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ..who facilitate personal growth in students, are unique, extraordinary, worthy of the dedicationIt [Facilitation] requires a self assurance, a willingness to share self, to care, to begin a journey, then launch the student on a personal quest when we find the teacher who is facilitator, we find a classroom where personal growth is flourishing. (p.1) Satir (2001) says that the facilitator promotes effective listening, genuine understanding, respect, and teacher-students-students effective communication in the classroom. Moreover, an effective facilitator makes as many inquiries as possible in order to detect the strengths and weaknesses of students. Grasha (1996) points out that a facilitator is an instructor who guides the students by asking questions, seeking alternatives, and pushing them to have independent criteria. For him, one of the main goals of a facilitator is to encourage the students autonomy. Authors such as (Harmer, 1991; Richards Rodgers, 2001; Underhill, 1999) discuss different traits that an effective facilitator shares. They state that the facilitator keep a low profile so that students can come up with their own ideas about the learning situation. Teachers must not intervene when the students are having communicative activity but must always be ready to help students as necessary. The facilitator does not only understand the subject matter and has the ability to use methods and techniques; the effective facilitator also studies and pays attention to the psychological environment and the learning processes in order to let students take responsibility for their own learning. Importance of Students as the Center of the Social Factor As part of a society, community, school community and consequently of a classroom, the student has an active performance. It is at the core of every day class, thus, of the teaching-learning process. For many years, traditional education has viewed teacher as authority figures Oxford (1990.p10), thus, the center of the class. In these classrooms, the students are objects rather than the subjects. In our country, it is very likely to occur that students have magisterial class even thought our educational system is based on the Communicative Language Approach since many years ago already and consequently, on student-centered classroom. The interaction and exchange of information in language learning of the students is affected by variant social factors. Indeed, students are part of this social community in which students are social beings that communicate in many different ways, are as well a social factor that influence the process of teaching-learning at the internal. The responsibility for learning and progressing is characteristic of the students: Learners must individually discover and transform complex information if they are to make their own, [suggesting] a more active role for students in their own learning than is typical in many classroom (Slavin, 2003, pp.257-258, as cited in Brow, 2007, p.12) Students must control the way they manage themselves within the teaching-learning process, the teacher is just a guide and facilitator (Brown, 2007) who gives them the tools, but it is up to them what the results would be. The whole process focuses on the communicative competence of the students who are at the center of the classroom and the real protagonists. Understanding Fundamental Principles on Learners For understanding the role of students and their development within the process of language learning, Brown (2001.p.54), reflects three fundamental principles for understanding practices for the student to develop a communicative language process. Brown demonstrates by three main principles, the conceptions to be considered: Cognitive Principles Affective Principles Linguistic Principles Cognitive Principles According to Brown (2001.p.55) cognitive is related to mental and intellectual functions. In other words, it refers to what is inner the students mind that influences their development within the teaching-learning process. Automaticity This principle relates to the learning of the language subconsciously, in other words, students exposed to language input that later have the opportunity to experience output, will learn the language without thinking about it, as in an automatic way. In order for students to accomplish this principle it is important that they experience (Brown2001): Subconscious absorption of language through meaningful use Efficient and rapid movement away from a focus on the forms of language to a focus on the purposes, to which language is put, Efficient and rapid movement away from a capacity-limited control a few bits and pieces to a relatively unlimited automatic mode of processing language forms, and Resistance to the temptation to analyze language forms Yet, the principle of automaticity is stated as follow:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Efficient second language learning involves a timely movement of the control of a few language forms into the automatic processing of a relatively unlimited number of language forms. Overanalyzing language, thinking too much about its forms, and consciously lingering on rules of language all tent to impede this graduation to automaticity. (Brown, 2001 p.56) In order for students to built automaticity more efficiently, students should use language in authentic contexts for meaningful purposes. Moreover, students must be aimed at employing functional purposes (Brown, 2001) for gaining more language competence. Meaningful Learning This principle is closely related to the principle of automaticity. Brown enhances the strength of meaningful learning opposed to rote learning- taking isolated bits and pieces of information that are not connected with ones existing cognitive structures(Ausubel 1963, as cited in Brown,2001). On the other hand, meaningful learning (Brown, 2001) incorporates new information into existing structures and memory systems. The fact that students associate sounds, words, structures and discourse elements with what is relevant and important in their every day life use for knowledge or survival is more likely to (Brown, 2001) lead toward better long-term retention. Then, this principle emphasis on students to: Capitalize on the power of meaningful leaning by appealing to students interests, academic goals and career goals. When a new topic or concept is introduced, attempt to anchor it in students existing knowledge and background to associate with something already known, also referred as schemata activation On the other hand, students should avoid rote learning: Too much grammar explanation, abstract principles and theories, drilling and memorization. Activities whose purposes are not clear Activities that do not contribute to the accomplish of the goals of the lesson, unit or course Mechanical techniques, instead, the use of language and meanings. The Anticipation Reward Skinner (as cited in Brown, 2001p 58) states that:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Human beings are universally driven to act, or behave by the anticipation of some sort of reward -tangible or intangible, short term or long term-that will ensue as result of behaviour. It is understood that people are somehow inspired and moved by a goal or purpose and according to this author; the anticipation of reward is the most powerful factor in directing ones behaviour. Within the classroom application and more specifically with the students, it is important that they receive for example rewards for having a good performance that indicate their success. At the same, Brown (2001) agrees that it helps students to see that what students are doing has relevance to their long- term goals in learning English. Yet, it has to be clear stated that this practices must be regulated in order not to create (Brown,2001) dependence over the rewardsto look only over rewards and the development of own internalsystem of rewards by the students side. Instead, students have to be aimed to receive according to Browns constructive classroom implications: An optimal degree of immediate verbal praise and encouragement. Reward each other [students] with compliments and supportive action Short-tem reminders of pro